A comprehensive comparison of two leading European residency-by-investment programs to help you make an informed decision.
Minimum investment starting at €500,000
Citizenship possible after 5 years
Minimal stay requirement: 7 days first year, 14 days subsequent 2-year periods
Investment options include funds, business, and research
A2 language requirement for citizenship
Minimum investment starting at €250,000 for startups
Citizenship possible after 10 years
Must register with local police within 8 days of arrival
Investment options include government bonds, companies, and philanthropy
B1 language requirement for citizenship
Investment Type | Portugal | Italy |
---|---|---|
Investment Funds | €500,000 | Not available |
Company Investment | €500,000 | €500,000 |
Government Bonds | Not available | €2,000,000 |
Startup Investment | Not available | €250,000 |
Research/Cultural | €500,000 | €1,000,000 |
Both programs offer efficient processing, but with different structures:
Feature | Portugal | Italy |
---|---|---|
Initial Processing Time | 3-6 months | 1-2 months |
Initial Visa Validity | 2 years | 2 years |
Renewal Period | 2-year periods | 3-year periods |
Path to Permanent Residency | 5 years | 5 years |
When choosing between the Portuguese and Italian Golden Visa programs, consider these key factors:
Timeline to Citizenship: Portugal offers a faster route to citizenship (5 years vs 10 years in Italy) with less stringent language requirements.
Investment Options: Italy offers more diverse investment options with lower minimum thresholds, particularly for startup investments.
Residency Requirements: Portugal has more clearly defined minimum stay requirements, while Italy requires registration but has more flexible stay requirements.
Tax Implications: Both countries offer attractive tax regimes for new residents, with Portugal's NHR program and Italy's flat tax option for high-net-worth individuals.